Hair that has sustained damage beyond a simple split end, where the cortex has broken down and the medulla is exposed or even protruding, can be described as severely damaged, fractured, or shattered hair. Here’s why these terms work:

1. Severe Damage

• This is the overarching term for hair where the internal structure is compromised. The cortex, responsible for strength and elasticity, is broken down, leaving the hair extremely weak and prone to further breakage.

2. Fractured Hair

• This term emphasizes the structural breakdown, indicating that the hair shaft has suffered significant stress or damage, often from heat styling, harsh chemicals, or excessive mechanical trauma.

3. Shattered Hair

• This describes hair where the integrity of the cuticle and cortex is so compromised that it’s no longer intact. This term conveys extreme internal damage that exposes the vulnerable medulla.

4. Exposed Medulla

• If you’re being scientific or precise, you might specifically call it hair with exposed medulla to highlight the internal level of damage. This is less common because not all hair types even have a medulla, but it adds clarity if needed.

This kind of damage often results in a brittle, frayed, and uneven appearance and is a clear indicator that the hair has reached the irreparable stage. At this point, trimming the damaged section is typically the only solution to prevent further deterioration.